The evidence supporting the presence of big cats in the UK continues to grow. It includes thousands of eyewitness reports, trail camera footage, pugmarks, scat samples, and livestock or deer carcasses found in trees. However, the most compelling proof comes from scientific findings—DNA analysis and tooth pit impressions.
Many individuals who have gathered evidence prefer not to share it online, so we can only present a small selection—what is already in the public domain and what we have been granted permission to share here. We would like to take this opportunity to thank those who have allowed us to do so.
Neil Dennis found one of his ewes dead in a field in 2019. Neil explained that the ewe was still warm when he arrived that morning. The blood had not clotted, and there were visible 2-and-a-half-inch deep puncture wounds in the neck and what looked like 4 small punctures in the back like a paw had held it down. The rest of the sheep had fled the field but Neil said he could see where all the sheep had been laying as there was a hard frost that night, the sheep were still wary that evening. There were no signs of a struggle and Neil believes the ewe was asphyxiated where she slept.
Big cats have a rough textured tongue that have numerous small, pointed projections called papillae which give them a rough texture perfect for scraping off fur and meat. Cats will lick their prey to remove loose hair, dirt, and small pieces of flesh from the carcass before eating it.
Cats will peel back the skin on the ribs of their prey to access the organ meats which are a great source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.
Cats can eat smaller prey whole, while larger prey can provide them with food for several days.
This image shows an injury to the mouth and nose area of a deer. The muzzle clamp is a technique big cats use, though it is less common than the throat clamp. Young cats may also use the muzzle clamp if they are unable reach the throat area.
A witness who was living in a remote valley in Caithness, Scotland at the time reports seeing a big black cat chasing sheep.
" What first made me realise something major was up was several sheep started running towards me, which they never do with anyone on foot. As those sheep parted I then saw the cat and got a good clear view, it was either black or very possibly a dark brown. It was a large leggy Labrador build with a very long tail and a cat-shaped face. Its overall height was slightly lower than the sheep"
A big black cat was seen entering the forest on the edge of the valley, near to where a dead sheep had been found. The killing of that sheep took place in a short time window and was found early morning. Other sheep were attacked on other occasions and parts of sheep skeletons were often found in the forest.
The discovery of a 59-pound dead cat occurred during a search of a gamekeeper suspected of killing birds of prey in 1991. According to the officer involved, "At the beginning of the search in an outhouse, which contained a large chest freezer, I asked him what he had in the freezer. He replied, 'Oh, just some pigeons and a lynx.'" Upon opening the freezer, the officer found a large lynx lying stretched out on top of a pile of pigeons. The gamekeeper confessed to shooting the lynx after witnessing it chase his gun dog. The report states that the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs was notified, and officials believe the cat may have escaped from illegal ownership or a zoo. It is suspected that the lynx was shot in Great Witchingham and has reportedly been sold to a wealthy landowner, who has had the animal stuffed.
In October 2023, a big cat enthusiast swabbed a sheep carcass and passed the sample to Professor Robin Allaby of the University of Warwick for analysis. Allaby's analysis revealed the presence of both fox and "_Panthera genus_" DNA, which could have come from a lion, leopard, tiger, jaguar, or snow leopard. A cat resembling a black leopard was reported at the scene. Allaby was confident the sample was genuine, noting that it came from a trusted source.
In 2022, a DNA test conducted on a black hair sample found on a barbed wire fence at a Gloucestershire farm matched 99.9% to the leopard species Panthera pardus. The hair was collected following a sheep attack on the farm.
A sample of hairs found in Lincolnshire were tested at a government accredited laboratory, DNA Bioscience, in 2002., they were found after reports of a big black cat, frequenting a caravan. Rebecca Webster, the operations manager at DNA Bioscience said "The core of the hair is not that of a domestic cat. The outside of the hairs show evidence of a scaling pattern that is consistent with an animal of the leopard family. It is very exciting.".
The hair sample was sent for a second opinion to another laboratory, RGJL, in the United States. Their analysis confirmed the hair was from an animal of the genus panthera,
Dr Andrew Hemmings, Associate Professor, of the Royal Agricultural University (RAU) as been leading a study of tooth pit analysis for the past 10 years. This study is on-going.
The study has been looking at the tooth pits found in carcases. At their 10-year anniversary talk, they discussed their work, methods and plans for future investigations within this study. In addition, they spoke of their findings so far, stating that “preliminary findings suggest that some of our UK samples have indeed been fed upon by medium to large size cats.” This is very exciting news. Some of us here, at Big Cat Sightings In The UK, attended the talk, we are looking forward to what the next chapters of the study produce.
Visit our Collecting Evidence page, to find out more about tooth pits.
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